The cover of my book on the history and criminology of race and organized crime.

Mandatory Supplementary Reading (M5-A-1):

I wrote the following book and articles because I was interested in answering seven questions about the history of transnational organized crime operating in the United States and the practical realities related to race/ethnicity and crime during the Progressive Era (when the discipline of criminology and the "modern" criminal justice system was born):

1) How did drug trafficking begin along the US/Mexico border?

2) How did human/sex trafficking begin along the US/Mexico border?

3) How did violence factor into these criminal enterprises?

4) What role did corruption, bureaucracy, and politics play in the criminal justice response to the above?

5) What, if anything, has changed between the origins of these criminal enterprises and the way they manifest themselves today?

6) How did race/ethnicity and class factor in to these criminal enterprises?

7) Where do you see evidence of "shadow IEMP" networks working alongside/with legitimate IEMP (per Mann)?

I have for you three short chapters from my first book to serve as background to the next assigned article in this module (Jeffrey McIllwain, "An Equal Opportunity Employer") article on the birth of modern drug trafficking (I am gifting you the entire book which you may download into your Kindle or other digital reading platform). Pay attention the the questions I ask above as you read both the book chapters and the article.:

Jeffrey McIllwain. Organizing Crime in Chinatown: Race and Racketeering in New York, 1890-1910 (McFarland & Co. Publishers, Inc., 2004): 41-79 (Chs. 4-6).